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  Magnetic field due to a current through a circular loop   To illustrate the magnetic field due to a current through a circular wire, we should take a straight wire and bend it in the form of the circular wire and electric current is passed through them. As we know that magnetic field produced by the current carrying straight conductor depends on the inversely to the distance   from it. Similarly , at every points of a current carrying circular loop of the conductor , the concentric circles represents the magnetic field around it becomes larger and larger as we move from the conductor. A circular wire is made up of large number of the straight wire or conductor. Every arcs of the circles appear like   as a straight line.   every point on the circular wire is carrying current. And it gives rise to the magnetic field appearing as straight lines at the center of the loop. By applying right hand thumb rules ,   it is easy   to check the every section of the wire contribute

                       Right hand thumb rule   Imagine that you are holding the current carrying straight conductor in your right hand in such a way that the thumb points towards the direction of the current. And your fingers which is surroundings the straight conductor points in the directions of the field lines of the magnetic field.   This is called as right hand thumb rule . This is also called as maxwell’s corkscrew rule.  

  Magnetic field due to current carrying conductor   To find the magnetic field in the current carrying conductor , we should Take a long straight copper wire, and battery or cell (two or three cells of having 1.5 volts) and one plug key . Now connect them in the form of series connection of the circuit.    And now put the compass needle parallel to the straight   copper wire. Now, when the circuit is completed , we found that there is deflection of the north pole of the needle of the compass. When the current is passed from north to south , then the north pole of the needle get defected towards to the east direction. But when the direction of the current flowing through the copper wire is changed , then there is change of the direction of the deflection of the needle of the compass. We found that needle moves in opposite direction that is towards the west directions. Then it means that the direction of the magnetic field produces by the electric current in the circuit is also

              Magnetic effects of electric currents       Why does a compass needle gets deflected when brought near a current carrying conductor? A compass needle gets deflected when brought near a current carrying conductor because an electric current carrying wire produce magnetic field around it. We can illustrate this with the such example We take a straight copper wire and place this copper wire between the points (X and Y). in the electric circuit. The wire is kept perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Also a compass is kept near horizontally to the copper wire. And when circuit is completed , then current is passed through this circuit. And found that compass needle gets deflected. It means to say that there is magnetic field produced when electric current is passing through the copper wire.                           X                          Y         Why does a compass needle gets deflected when brought near a magnetic bar ?   Bar m

                                           ELECTRIC POWER   THE RATE OF DOING WORK IS CALLED POWER. THE RATE OF CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY IS CALLED POWER.   THE RATE AT WHICH THE ELECTRIC CURRENT IS DISSIPATED OR CONSUMED IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. THIS IS CALLED AS ELECTRIC POWER WE CAN SAY THAT , P = VI P = I^2 R = V^2 / R   THE SI UNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER IS WATT (W).   1WATT :-- 1 WATT IS THE POWER CONSUMED BY A DEVICE THAT CARRIES   ONE AMPERE (1A ) OF CURRENT , WHEN OPERATED AT A POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE OF 1 VOLT (1V). THIS IS CALLED AS 1WATT.   1WATT = 1 VOLT * 1 AMPERE 1W = 1V   * 1A     WE CAN ALSO SAY THAT THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS THE PRODUCT OF THE POWER AND TIME. SI UNIT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS WATT HOUR (Wh).    

                     HEATING EFFECT OF ELCTRIC CURRENT   A CELL OR BATTERY IS A SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.   THE CELL OR BATTERY CONSISTS OF A CHEMICAL REACTIONS.   THE CHEMICAL REACTION IN CELL OR A BATTERY GENERATES POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ITS TWO TERMINALS, SO THAT ELECTRON IS IN MOTION. AND ELECTRIC CURRENT IS FLOWING THROUGH A RESISTORS CONNECTED TO THE BATTERY.   A PART OF TEHE SOURCE OF ENERGY IS IN MAINTAINING THE CURRENT MAY BE CONSUMED FOR THE USEFUL WORKS     (LIKE FOR ELECTRIC HEATER , ELECTRIC FAN , ELECTRIC IRON). REST PART OF THE SOURCE ENERGY MAY NE USED TO HEAT TO INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE EQUIPMENTS OR DEVICES OR GADGETS. FOR EXAMPLE   :-- THIS HAPPEN IN DAY TO DAT LIFE OR DAILY LIFE. AN ELECTRIC FAN GETS HEAT, WHEN ITS USED FOR LONGER TIME. IT MEANS TO SAY THAT , IF THE EECTRIC CIRCUIT IS PURELY RESISTIVE, THAT IS THE CONFIGURATION OF THE RESISTORS IS CONNECTED TO A BATTERY. THE SOURCE OF ENERGY CONTINUOSLY GET DISSIPATED ENTIRELY IN THE FORM

                RESISTANCE OF A SYSTEM OF RESISTORS     THERE ARE MAINLY TWO METHODS OF JOINING THE RESISTORS   OR COMBINATION OF RESISTORS. ONE IS SERIES COMBINATION AND OTHERS IS PARALLEL COMBINATION.   RESISTORS IN SERIES :-- IN A ELECTRIC CIRCUIT , RESISTORS HAVING RESISTANCE R1,R2,R3 ….. Rn RESPECTIVELY   ARE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER END TOE END POINTS. THEN THE RESISTORS ARE SAID TO BE CONNECTED IN SERIES.             HERE THREE RESISTORS   R1 ,R2 , R3 ARE CONNECTED TO ENDS X AND Y OF THE SERIES COMBINATIONS. IN THE RESISTORS IN SERIES OR COMBINATION OF SERIES , THE VALUE OF THE CURRENT IS THE SAME AND ITS POSITION IS INDEPENDENT IN THE ENTIRE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. IT MEANS TO SAY THAT THE CURRENT IN EVERY PART OF THE CIRCUIT WILL BE SAME IN SERIES COMBINATION AND SAME CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH EACH AND EVERY RESISTANCE. HERE, THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (PD) OF EACH RESISTORS IS VARY. SO POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE ACROSS COMBINATION OF RESISTORS IN SERIES IS EQ