Reflection of light, Spherical mirror
Reflection of
light
When a ray of light
falls on any surface of the polished
smooth object and bounces back these ray of light is called as reflection of
the light. Reflection of light is the process through which ray of light falls
on the surface of the object and reflected back is called reflection of light.
Incident ray:--
the ray of light which falls on the surface of
the object is called the incident ray.
Reflected ray:--
the ray of light which gets reflected back is
called as reflected ray.
Normal:--
At the point of the incidence ,
When the ray of light strikes on the surface of the mirror , a perpendicular
line is drawn is known as the normal.
Angel of
incident:--
When a ray of light falls on the surface
of the mirror, the angle formed by the incident ray with the normal is called
angle of the incidence.
Angle of
reflection:--
When a ray
of is reflected by the mirror, the angle formed by the reflected ray with the
normal at point of incidence is called the angle of reflection.
Law of reflection
of light :--
The angel of reflection
is equal to the angle of reflection
The incident ray , the
reflected ray , and the normal to the mirror at the point of the incident are
all lie in the same plane.
Properties of the
images formed by the plane mirror:--
Image formed by a plane
mirror is always virtual and erect.
The size of the image
is equal to the object.
The distance of the image
is equal to the object.
Image is laterally
inverted.
Image Is formed behind
the mirror.
Curved
mirror:--
Curved mirror is a
type of the mirror which have a curved reflecting surface.
Spherical
mirror:--
Those curved
mirrors whose reflecting surfaces are spherical is known as spherical mirrors.
And the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror may be curved inwards or
outwards. and we can easily understand with the help of curved spoon, in which
the surface of the spoon curved inwards can be said to be concave mirror and
the surface of the spoon is curved outwards can be said to be convex mirror.
So, there are two types
of spherical mirror:--
Concave mirror
Convex mirror
concave convex
Concave mirror:--
a concave
mirror is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards and
whose faces towards the center of the sphere is known as concave mirror.
Concave mirror is also called converging
mirror because this reflecting surface
tend to collect the light incident on its surface , when light falls on
them And is refocusing parallel incoming
ray of light towards a common focus. Due
to this , light is reflected at different angels at different points or spots
on the mirror as the normal to the mirror surface is diifer at each and every
point or spot.
Properties of the
concave mirror:--
Concave mirror is also
called as converging mirror.
In concave mirror , the
reflecting surface is always curved inwards.
The image formed by the
concave mirror is always real images.
The image formed by the
convex mirror is inverted except when the object is kept between the pole and
the focus. In this situation, the image formed is virtual, enlarged and
upright.
The size of the image
of the object is depends on the position of the object placed. It can be
smaller, equal and bigger than the actual object.
The focus (F) lies in
front of the mirror.
The focal length is positive.
The position of the
image can be formed anywhere which depends upon the position of the object.
The image formed by the
concave mirror is projected always real image.
Uses of concave
mirror :--
Concave mirrors are
used mainly in torches and search light.
Concave mirror is also
used in vehicles headlights to get powerful beam of light.
Concave mirror are used
as saving mirrors to get a large images of the faces.
Concave mirror is used
by dentists to see large images of the teeth of the patients.
In solar furnaces,
concave mirror is used to concentrate the sunlight to produce heat.
Convex mirror :--
A convex mirror is a spherical mirror whose
reflecting surface is curved outside is called as convex mirror. Convex mirror
is also called as diverging mirror because of the behavior of the convex mirror
that make to rays of light to diverge upon reflection. Due to this , when the
ray of light is incident on the convex mirror, it enables the parallel ray of
light that is formed the beam of light to deviate or diverge after hitting the reflective
surface of the convex mirror. Convex mirror
is not producing real images. It produces virtual images because the convex
mirror is spherical mirror that has ability to reflect all the ray of light in
the outwards directions. Due to such
properties, the size of the image formed
is smaller than the actual size of the object. convex mirror is formed behind
the mirror.
Properties of the
convex mirror:--
Convex mirror is also
called as diverging mirror.
The reflecting surface
of the convex mirror is curved outwards or outside.
The image formed by the
convex mirror is virtual.
The image formed by the
convex mirror is upright and diminished from the actual size.
The size of the image
of the object is smaller than the actual size of the object.
The focus (F) lies
behind the mirror.
The focal length is
negative.
The position of the
image is always lies within the focus.
The image formed by
this convex mirror can be projected on the screen.
Uses of the convex
mirror:--
Convex mirror are
mainly used in vehicles as a rear – view mirrors. These mirror is mainly fitted
on the side of the vehicle which is helpful to see the traffic behind the
driver for the safe driving.
Convex mirror is also
used in supermarket , grocery shop etc to get the broad view of the corners of
the area around for the security purposes.
Convex mirror is used
at edge of the roadside so that the driver can get view the incoming vehicles
to avoid the collision.
Convex mirror is also
used in street light reflectors.
Convex mirror is also
used in ATM machine.
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