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  Balanced chemical equations   According   to law of conservation of mass that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. It means to say that the total mass of the elements in the products side   of a chemical reaction to be equal to the total mass of the elements in the reactants side.     Here , the total number of atoms of each elements remains same before and after a chemical reaction.   Example :--   Zinc + Sulphuric acid        ➡         Zinc sulphate + Hydrogen Zn + H 2 SO 4   →   ZnSO 4       +H 2   Elements      number of atoms in reactants (LHS) Zn                    1 H                    ...

  CHEMICAL EQUATION:--                                      A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of the substance that undergoes the chemical change during chemical reaction in which reactants and products are expressed in the form of symbols and formulae.   magnesium   +   oxygen      -------------- à               Magnesium Oxide   (reactants)                                                           (products)...

  Sign convention for spherical lenses Sign convention of spherical lens is similar to the sign convention of the spherical mirrors.         Object is placed on the left of the lens. It means to say that light must passes through the lens from left to light. All measurements of distance are taken from the optical centre of the lens. The focal length of a convex lens is positive. And the focal length of the concave lens is negative. All distance measured above the principal axis are positive. All distance measured below the principal axis are negative. All the distance measured in the direction of incident rays are positive. All the distance measured in the direction opposite to that of the incident rays are negative.     Lens formula and magnification   Lens formula provides the relationship between object distance (u) ,   image distance (v) and the focal length (f). lens formula is applicable of both concave lens ...