Eco system

 

                          Eco system

 

Eco system is a complex relationship among all organisms such as plants , animals , microorganisms and the human beings and the physical surroundings. And they interact with each other and maintain a balance in environment.

An ecosystem is a biological community  of interacting organisms  and their physical environment with non-living organisms form an ecosystem.

Thus, an eco system consists of biotic and abiotic components

A biotic  component comprising all living organisms.

A abiotic components comprising physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind soil, minerals, etc.

 

A garden is an eco system

In a garden, when we go to the garden, we see that there is different types of plants like as grasses, trees, flower plants like rose jasmine, etc and animals like frogs, insects, bird. All these living organisms interact with each other and their growth, reproduction and other activities are affected by the abiotic components of eco system. So garden is an eco system.

 

Natural eco system are forests, pond, lakes.

Artificial eco system or man made eco system are gardens, crop fields.

 

 

Types of biotic components:--

Producers

Consumers

Decomposers

Producers:--

                Plants are the types of the producers in the eco systems.      Energy enters the system through the photosynthesis and is included into plant in the existence of the chlorophyll and sunlight. Every living organism depends upon the plants and trees for the energy requirements of the oxygen and food. .  In the tropic systems, photosynthetic organisms are the primary producers.

All the types of green plants and certain bacteria which can be used to produce food by photosynthesis are also called producers.

 

Consumers:--

the food prepared by the producers are consumed by the living organisms is known as consumers.

On the basis of the dependency, consumers are classified in the following categories:--

Herbivores

Carnivores

Omnivores

Parasites

 

Herbivores:--

These are purely primary consumers, these are dependent for their food on green plants.  Cow, goat, deer, insects are the example of the herbivores .  animals that eat only plants is called herbivores.

Carnivores:--

                      These are also called as secondary consumers.  The carnivores can eat other types of living organsims. Or the animals that eat only other animals is called carnivores. Like tiger, lion, etc

Omnivores:--

                        Those organisms that are eating both herbivores and carnivores. Examples are dogs, cats, snakes, etc. or animals that eat both plants and animals is known as omnivores.

Parasites:--

                     These are parasitic plants and animals that feed the living tissues of different plants and animals. Saprobes consumes dead animals and plants as their foods.

 

Decomposers:--

                              These are the some micro-organisms like bacteria and fungi. These are saprophytes. The decomposers break the dead bodies of consumers and producers and degrade the complex organic substances into simple substance. When dead organism break down, decomposers releases carbon back to the environment and facilitate nutrient cycling. This can be done by converting the nutrients stored in dead organisms back to form that can be used by the plants and other micro organisms