Non-conventional source energy
Non-conventional
source energy
Non-conventional source
of energy is the source of energy which are being produced continuously in the
nature. And all these source of energy are renewable or inexhaustible and there
is no cause of environmental pollutions. And they do not require heavy expenditure.
Energy generated by
using the wind, solar radiations, geothermal heat, tides, wave or wind etc.
1.
Solar
energy :--
Sun radiates
an enormous amount of energy, and it is abundant, inexhaustible and universal
source of energy. But only small part of the solar energy reaches the outer
layer of the earth atmosphere. Half of its solar energy absorbed while passing
through the atmosphere and rest reached the earth surface.
These solar energy are
entirely free. India is the lucky
country that receive solar energy for greater part of the year. India receives
the solar energy equivalent to more than 5000 trillion KWh.
Under clear sky
conditions, the daily average varies from 4 to 7 KWh / m^2.
Solar constant :--
The solar energy
reaching unit area at outer edge of the earth atmosphere exposed perpendicular
to the rays of the sun at the average distance between the sun and earth is
called solar constant. It is approx. to be 1.4 KJ per second per square meter
or 1.4 KW / m^2.
Solar cell panel:--
Solar cell panel are
the large number of combinations of the solar cells arranged in which solar energy is used to convert into
electricity by using solar cells. A typical
cell generates a voltage of 0.5 -1 V and can generated up to 0.7 W of electricity , when exposed to the
sun.
Silicon is used for
making solar cell.
Advantage of solar
cell:--
They have no moving
parts
They have little maintenance
They work quite satisfactorily without the use of
any focusing device
They can set up in remote
area and inaccessible area or inhabited areas in which laying of a transmission
line may be expensive.
Solar cells are used
for many scientific and technological applications.
Artificial satellites
and space probes like mars orbiters use solar cell as the main source of energy.
Radio or wireless
transmission systems or TV relay stations in remote areas uses solar cell
panel.
In many traffic signals
areas are fitted with solar cells.
Calculator , many types
of toys are also fitted with solar cells.
Solar cells are also
used in domestic purposes.
Disadvantage of
solar cell:--
The manufacturing
process is too high.
The silicon is used for
interconnection of the cells in the solar panel adds to the cost.
Its has low efficiency.
The cost of
installation of solar cell panel in domestic area is too high.
Energy from sea
Tidal energy:--
Tidal energy is
harnessed by converting the forms of energy from tides into the useful forms of
power mainly electric power. Tidal energy is renewable source of energy. The tidal
energy is generated by the surge of sea waters during high and low tides. The energy obtained from the rise and fall of
the tides is also called as tidal energy.
Advantage of tidal
energy:--
It is environment – friendly
High energy density
Maintenance cost is too
low
Operational cost is also
too low
Renewable source of
energy
It is high predictable
source of energy
Disadvantage of
tidal energy:--
The location of the
such dams can be built are limited
The intensity of the
sea waves is variable
High cost of
installation
Wave energy:--
Wave energy is the
energy possessed by the huge wave near the seashore. wave energy also called as
ocean energy or sea wave energy. And it is harnessed from the ocean or sea
waves. Due to strong wind blowing across
the sea or ocean, the waves are generated and These waves contains a kinetic
energy. And a wide variety of devices are developed to trap such wave energy
for the rotation of the turbine and produce electricity.
Wave energy is the
renewable source of energy.
Ocean thermal
energy:--
Ocean thermal energy is
a renewable source of energy.
The surface water of
the ocean is heated by the solar energy. but the deeper water is relatively
cold.
The difference of the
temperature is exploited to obtain in the ocean thermal energy conversion
plants.
Ocean thermal energy
conversion plants is operated when the temperature difference between the water
at the surface and water at the depths up to 2 km is 20 km (20 degree) or more.
Ocean thermal energy
conversion plants uses the phenomenon to generate the electric power through
the difference of the temperature in the ocean surface water and ocean deep water.
At the surface water of
the ocean gets warm , these warm water is used to boil the volatile liquid like
Ammonia.
The vapours of the
liquid is used to rotate the turbine of the generator. An the water available inside the deeper
water is cold , these cold water of the deeper ocean is pumped up and condense
vapour again to liquid. The energy generated is quite large.
Advantage of Ocean thermal energy:--
It is renewable source
of the energy
The ocean thermal
energy is one of the many forms of clean energy
The maintenance is too
low
Disadvantage Ocean
thermal energy:--
The cost of
installation is too high
Low efficiency
Harmful effects on the
marine life
Geothermal energy:--
Geothermal energy is
the thermal energy generated within the earth.
Due to geographical change
, molten rocks which is formed inside the deeper hot regions of the earth crust
are pushed upward. And trapped into certain areas called hot spots.
When the underground water
surface is contacted with the hotspots , stem is generated.
And this hot water comes
out from the outlet regions from the earth. Such outlet water is called as hot
springs.
And this steam produced
is trapped in rocks is routed through the pipes to a turbine. And this is used
for generation of the electric power.
Advantage Geothermal
energy:--
Geo thermal energy is
cost effective
It is reliable
Its sustainable and environment-
friendly.
Disadvantage Geothermal
energy:--
Limited area
High installation cost
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