What do all acids and all bases have in common?

 

What do all acids and all bases have in common?

Here, All acids have similar chemical properties. All acids produce Hydrogen Gas on reacting with the metals. acids and bases produces ions in water. Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺ ) and bases release hydroxide ions ( OH⁺ ).

 

Explanation:--

Let us take a solution of the glucose , alcohol , hydrochloride acid , sulphuric acid.

Take a cork and two nails are fixed into the cork and placed into the beaker

Connect the nails to the terminals of a 6 volt battery through a bulb and a switch.

Put the some dilute HCl in the beaker and switch on the current

Repeat the same with dilute sulphuric acid

Here we found that the bulb starts glowing in the case of the acids. But we observe that glucose and alcohol solutions do not conduct electricity. When the bulbs gets glowing it indicates that the there Is flow of the electricity through the solutions by ions.

 

Acids contains H⁺ ion as cation and anion such as Cl^- in HCl , NO^-₃ in HNO₃ , SO^-₄ , CH₃COO^- in CH₃COOH.

Since the cation present in acids is H⁺ , this produces hydrogen ions by acids , H⁺  (aq).

 

All acids have in common

All acids have sour in taste

All acids have hydrogen in their chemical composition

All acids reacts with base

All acids reacts  with liquid and release hydrogen or hydronium ions

 

 

What happens to an acid or a base in a water solution ?

This is explained by the experiment:--

Let us take 1 gram solid NaCl in a clean and dry test tube and set up the apparatus.

Put some concentric sulphuric acid in to the test tube.

we observed that there is gas evolved from the test tube.

Here , this experiment suggests that hydrogen ions in HCl are produced in the presence of water.

 

HCl + H₂O                 H₃O⁺        +  Cl^-

 

 

Hydrogen ions cannot exist alone, but they exist after combining with the water molecules. Thus hydrogen ions always be shown as H⁺ (aq) or hydronium ion (H₃O⁺).

 

H²  +   H₂O        H₃O⁺

 

We see acids gives H₃O⁺ or H⁺ (aq) ion in water.

 

Here, when base is dissolved in water

NaOH (s)     ^H₂^O       Na⁺ (aq)   + OH^- (aq)

Mg(OH)₂ (s)     ^H₂^O      Mg²⁺ (aq)  + 2OH^- (aq)

 

Here, we found that bases generates hydroxide (OH^-) ions in water.

Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis.

Alkali are bases that dissolve in water.

Alkali are soapy to touch

Alkali are bitter

Alkali are corrosive

Alkali may cause harm so that avoid to taste or avoid to touch.