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  Some basic terms regarding the spherical mirror:--   Pole:--            The center of the reflecting surface of the spherical mirror is a point. Pole is represented by the letter P . and it lies on the surface of the mirror.   Center of a curvature:--                                          The center of a curvature is a point of the reflecting surface of the   spherical mirror that forms a part of the sphere and this sphere has a center is known as center of a curvature. It is denoted by the letter C . in the concave mirror, the center of a curvature lies in front of the mirror. And in the convex mirror , the center of curvature lies behind the mirror.   Radius of a curvature:--                                           Radius of curvature is the point in which the radius of the sphere of which the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror form is a part is called as the radius of curvature. It is denoted by the letter R . and it is the linear distance betwee

Reflection of light When a ray of light falls on any surface of the  polished smooth object and bounces back these ray of light is called as reflection of the light. Reflection of light is the process through which ray of light falls on the surface of the object and reflected back is called reflection of light.   Incident ray:--                         the ray of light which falls on the surface of the object is called the incident ray. Reflected ray:--                           the ray of light which gets reflected back is called as reflected ray. Normal:--                 At the point of the incidence , When the ray of light strikes on the surface of the mirror , a perpendicular line is drawn is known as the normal. Angel of incident:--                                   When a ray of light falls on the surface of the mirror, the angle formed by the incident ray with the normal is called angle of the incidence. Angle of reflection:--                              

                                  Light Light is a form of energy. The main source of the light on the earth is the sun. Light is the form of electromagnetic radiation with the wavelength that can be detected by the human eye. Light is form of electromagnetic radiation that have both properties of waves and particles.   Light is the source of energy and this source of energy heat   the earth’s surface and its atmosphere. The study of light is called as optics.   We are unable to any object in a dark room. But when light is glowing into the room, the object get visible. How it is possible ?   during a day, the sunlight helps us to see the objects. Any object reflects the light, when the sunlight falls on it. This reflected light is received by our eyes. And this makes eyes to see the object.   How shadow is made ? Light seems to be travel in straight line. And a source of light makes a sharp shadow of the opaque object points to this straight   line path of light. I

Ozone layer   What is ozone ?   Ozone is the second layer of the earth’s atmosphere.     Ozone is a molecule which is formed by three atoms of oxygen. Ozone is natural gas that is available in the earth atmosphere.   Ozone layer is   prohibited all solar radiation reaching to the earth atmosphere including certain types of ultra violet radiation and some harmful radiation which are injurious for health or damage living things. It is also called as ozone shield. Ozone layer is also called ozonosphere. And ozone layers absorbs the sun ultraviolet radiations. The formula of the ozone layer Is the   O 3.   How ozone produce   Ozone is created with   the help of the   Ultra violet   rays. This ultraviolet radiation   is   striking the oxygen molecules containing two atoms of oxygen and   this oxygen molecules split into individual oxygen atoms or atomic oxygen or free oxygen (O) atoms. These oxygen (O) then combines with molecular oxygen to form ozone ( O 3 ) . Chemicall

Food chains and webs   Food chain is the sequence of organisms in which nutrients and energy is transferred in the form of food from one organism to another organisms. Food chain is the possible pathway in which nutrients and energy is transferred through an ecosystem. A food chain is the linear network of links in which a food web is starting from producers organisms and is ending at decomposers.   A food chain shows a series or organisms taking part at various biotic level. Each steps or levels of the food chain forms a tropic level . The tropic level of an organisms is the position it occupies in a food web. Organisms in food chain are grouped into categories are known as trophic levels. Tropic levels are divided into various levels:--   Producers:--                      The producers or the autotrophs are the first trophic level.   All green plants and few organisms are classified as first trophic or producers. Usually plant and algae or few organisms take nutrien